Technical Support – Fiber Zip Technology

Splice On Connector Installation Procedure

webmaster — Thu, 22 Jul 2021 08:15:56 +0000

Prepare the tools for splicing: heat splicing machine, fiber cleaver, jacket stripper, lint free wipes, Acholhol, connector jig, FTTH cable gig, splice on connector
Strip the splice on connector jacket and coating, then clean it.
Put the connector on connector jig, then put it in splicing machine
Insdert the other splice on connector parts properly on the cable, then strip the FTTH cable jacket
Put the cable in jig then strip the coating , clean the fiber and cleave the fiber
Put the cable in splicing machine to match with connector parts to be spliced
Take the splicing part carefully, heat the shrink tube , take out when it is cold. pull the other connectors parts in right direction to the connector, and wear the connector housing

As to video about splice on connector installation procedure, please refer to link:https://www.linkedin.com/posts/fiberzip_splice-connector-fiberoptic-activity-6823892833724973056-26bD

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CWDM Optical Module Advantages

webmaster — Sun, 04 Jul 2021 02:37:06 +0000

CWDM optical modules use CWDM technology, which can combine optical signals of different wavelengths through an external wavelength division multiplexer, and transmit them through a single fiber, thereby saving fiber resources. At the same time, the receiving end needs to use a wave decomposition multiplexer to decompose the complex optical signal.CWDM optical modules are usually widely used in CWDM systems at lower cost than DWDM optical modules . In a CWDM system, the CWDM optical module is inserted in the switch, and the CWDM optical module is connected to the CWDM demultiplexer or OADM optical add/drop multiplexer with jumpers.
The CWDM optical module successfully solves the problems in the optical fiber transmission network to play a huge role in the CWDM system. CWDM optical modules has 8 major advantages, which are summarized as follows:
1. “Transparent” transmission of data;
2. Super large capacity, making full use of the huge bandwidth resources of optical fiber;
3. Greatly save fiber resources and reduce construction costs;
4. High networking flexibility, economy and reliability;
5. It can be switched over all optical networks to realize long-distance non-electrical relay transmission;
6. Simplified laser module, thereby reducing the size of the equipment and saving room space;
7. Optical layer recovery is independent of business and rate, and can effectively protect data;
8. No semiconductor cooler and temperature control function are needed, so power consumption can be significantly reduced, which is only 12.5% of DWDM.

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Optical Modules Usage in DATA CENTER

webmaster — Mon, 28 Jun 2021 02:15:35 +0000

The current data center is no longer just one or a few computer rooms, but a group of data centers. Mass interaction, which means that a data center interconnection network is required, and optical fiber communication becomes a necessary means to achieve interconnection by the optical modules and cables.
Optical modules in Data center can be divided into three categories according to the connection type:
(1) From the data center to the user, it is generated by terminal user behaviors such as accessing the cloud to browse webpages, send and receive emails, and video streams;
(2) Data center interconnection, mainly used for data replication, software and system upgrades;
(3) Inside the data center, it is mainly used for information storage, generation and mining.
According to forecasts, data center internal communications account for more than 70% of data center communications. The great development of data center construction has also given birth to the development of high-speed optical modules
The growing data traffic, the large-scale and flat data centers trend drives the development of optical modules in two aspects:
–Increased transmission rate demand
–Increase in quantity demand
The large-scale trend of data centers has led to an increase in transmission distance requirements. The multimode fiber transmission distance is limited by the increase in signal rate, and it is expected to be gradually replaced by single-mode fiber. The cost of an optical fiber link consists of an optical module and an optical fiber, and there are different applicable solutions for different distances. As to the medium and long-distance interconnection requirement leads to two revolutionary solutions born from MSA:
PSM4（Parallel Single Mode 4 lanes）and CWDM4（Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexer 4 lanes） Among them, PSM4 fiber usage is 4 times that of CWDM4. When the link distance is long, the cost of the CWDM4 solution is relatively low.

The application of optical modules in data centers In China and other countries is different.
The interconnection of internal switches in the US data center is mainly single-mode optical fiber. In the 100G era, CWDM4/PSM4 optical modules are widely used, and in the 400G era, DR4 is currently the mainstay; most servers and switches are interconnected by DAC cable. The DAC cable and MM cable usage will be lower and lower due to the actual data rate speed up requirement
The interconnection of internal switches in China’s data centers is dominated by multi-mode fiber, and the proportion of single-mode fiber is gradually increasing. At present, there is little domestic demand for 400G. In the 100G era, SR4/CWDM4 modules are used, and most of the interconnections between servers and switches use active optical cable AOC.

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Long Distance Optical Module Characteristics and Application

webmaster — Tue, 13 Apr 2021 01:59:40 +0000

As a photoelectric conversion device, optical modules are the most common products in optical communication networks. Among the characteristics of optical modules, the transmission capacity is the core and a major parameter that attracts the most attention. The length of the distance is another core parameter that cannot be ignored. In different fields of optical communication network transmission and access, the required characteristics of optical modules are also different
According to the optical modules different transmission distances , they can be divided into: short-distance optical modules, medium-distance optical modules, and long-distance optical modules. Long-distance optical modules refer to optical modules with a transmission distance of more than 30km, which can meet network data transmission requirement
In the actual use of long-distance optical modules, in many cases the maximum transmission distance of the module cannot be reached. This is because a certain degree of dispersion occurs during the transmission of optical signals in optical fibers. In order to solve this problem, long-distance optical modules use DFB laser as the light source, which avoids the dispersion problem
There are long-distance optical modules in SFP optical modules, SFP+ optical modules, XFP optical modules, 25G optical modules, 40G optical modules, and 100G optical modules. Among them, the long-distance SFP+ optical module uses EML laser components and photodetector components to reduce the power consumption of the optical module while also improve the accuracy; the long-distance 40G optical module uses a driver and a modulation unit in the transmission link, which is The link uses optical amplifiers and photoelectric conversion units to achieve a maximum transmission distance of 80km.
However, the transmission distance of the optical module should adopt appropriate solutions in due course. The long-distance applications are mainly in the fields of server ports, switch ports, network card ports, security monitoring, telecommunications, Ethernet, synchronous optical fiber networks, etc.

The post Long Distance Optical Module Characteristics and Application appeared first on Fiber Zip Technology.

How to Use Bare Fiber Adapter

webmaster — Wed, 31 Mar 2021 01:20:59 +0000

What is bare fiber adapter? Bare fiber adapter is a media which can provide direct solution for matching the bare fiber with other optical components coupling and connection without splice machine.

Bare fiber adapters are mainly used to connect the fiber jumper, pigtail which without polished with bare fiber to test the link loss. It is used as an fiber connector temporally to test an optical component or system after simple operation.
The advantages of bare fiber adapter: can be used repeatedly at low cost. Especially for urgent cabling connection without adding permanent connector to test the function when connecting to power meter, OTDR and other instruments. It is easy, fast and efficient to contractors and technique workers. It can be used to:
1）connect the bare fiber temporally
2）test the bare fiber on reel or the cable before after installation
3）fiber cable production line
4）temporary and fast connection in telecom system
5）temporary connection with OTDR, power meter, talk sets, dark fiber ect.
How to use bare fiber adapter?
1）Strip the fiber
Strip the coating around 15~20mm, keep the length according to actual bare fiber adapter, then wipe the fiber.
2）Insert the fiber into the adapter
Press the part with spring to insert the fiber to ceramic ferrule till it extend out 3-5mm length , then position the fiber. Check the fiber endface, adjust the fiber when required.
3）Cleave the fiber then do the optical test. If the test result is not optimistic, check the fiber cleave end is good, cleave it and test again. The qualified components can be used or fused in system

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How to Judge the Optical Module Quality

webmaster — Mon, 09 Nov 2020 03:02:29 +0000

There are so many factories providing optical modules at big difference price for the same module, so how to judge the quality?

1. The optical transceiver module must comply with the MSA multi-source agreement with CE, ROHS, FCC certification, etc. The multi-source agreement (MSA) standard specifies the interface and size of the module, and according to this agreement the module manufacturer can provide the same function as the switch brand and make sure the optical module is compatible with a variety of original equipment.
2, the optical module should have DOM/DDM function, so that users can monitor the optical module real-time parameters which include working temperature, working voltage, working current, transmit and receive optical power, etc. In addition, it can also display the module factory information and prompt alarms/warnings.
3, the optical module needs to be tested for compatibility with the real machine before leaving the factory to ensure that the optical module has good quality, performance, and compatibility to avoid network interruption, and save maintenance time and cost. It is recommended to check brand compatibility with the supplier before purchasing the optical module.
4. Check whether there are any traces of damage on the surface of the module, whether the golden fingers are scratched, etc. If there is obvious damage, it means that the optical module may be defective or second-hand.
5. It can be judged by after-sales service. Generally, the service life of optical modules is about 3 years. Therefore, when choosing optical modules consider the ones with 3year warranty
6. Use an optical power detector to test whether its optical power is consistent with the parameters in the data sheet. If the discrepancy is too large then consider as second-hand module

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Fiber Attenuator Usage

webmaster — Thu, 15 Oct 2020 02:07:51 +0000

The intensity of the optical signal received by the optical receiving device needs to be within a certain range, and the optical power cannot be too strong or too weak, otherwise the device lifetime will be shortened or it will not work normally. Optical fiber attenuator is an optical passive device that can be used to reduce the power of the optical signal and attenuate the input optical power to avoid distortion of the optical receiver due to the super strong input optical power
The optical fiber attenuator reduces the optical power through the absorption, reflection, diffusion, scattering, deflection, diffraction, and dispersion of the optical signal. For example, for the absorption of optical signals, set the optical fiber attenuator to a working wavelength range that can absorb light energy. Within this range, it does not reflect light and reduces unnecessary echo reflection to achieve the purpose . Generally, fiber attenuators are used with technology such as air isolation , displacement dislocation, attenuation fiber, absorption glass method and others.
The attenuation range of the optical attenuator is 0～65dB. Among them, the attenuation power of the fixed fiber attenuators currently on the market is between 1 to 30 dB. Fixed fiber attenuator, a type of fiber attenuator, which fixes the attenuation power at an attenuation value, is used in telecommunications networks, optical fiber test equipment, local area networks (LAN) and cable television (CATV) systems.
There is also a variable optical attenuator. The attenuation level of the variable attenuator can be adjusted, for example, from 0.5 dB to 20 dB, or even 50 dB. Some variable attenuators have very delicate resolution, such as 0.1dB or even 0.01dB. Mainly used in: optical distribution frame, optical fiber network system, high-speed optical fiber transmission system, cable television (CATV) system, long-distance trunk line dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system, optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM)
Among them, the fixed optical attenuator has pigtail type, converter type, It can be made into FC, SC, ST, LC, MU and other interface types, and it is convenient to use in daily wiring. Generally, a single optical attenuator has two interfaces, male and female, which can be male-female or female-female. The male connector interface is generally used to plug into the receiver of the device or the adapter on the adapter panel, and the female connector interface is used to connect the fiber jumper.
Among passive devices, fiber optic attenuators are widely used, second only to connectors and couplers. The performance indicators to measure the optical attenuator mainly include attenuation, insertion loss, attenuation accuracy, return loss, etc. High-performance optical attenuators have low insertion loss, and return loss is usually above 40dB.

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What is Return Loss and Insertion Loss

webmaster — Tue, 13 Oct 2020 07:52:53 +0000

In optical fiber communications, insertion loss and return loss are two important indicators for evaluating the quality of the termination between some optical fiber devices, including fiber optic connector, fiber jumpers, and pigtails.
What is insertion loss?
Insertion loss usually referred to as IL, mainly refers to the displacement of light lost between two fixed points in the fiber. It can be understood as the loss of optical power caused by the intervention of optical devices in the optical fiber interconnection of the optical communication system, the unit is dB. Calculation formula: IL = -10 lg (Pout / Pin), Pout is the output optical power, and Pin is the input optical power.
The smaller the value of the IL, the better the performance. For example, an insertion loss of 0.3dB is better than 0.5dB. In general, the loss of fusion splicing and manual connection is smaller than the connection between fiber optic connectors. Recommended maximum dB loss for fiber optic cabling in the data center: LC SM/MM fiber optic connector maximum 15dB, MPO/MTP multimode fiber optic connector maximum 20dB, MPO/MTP singlemode fiber optic connection The minimum is 30dB.
What is return loss?
When an optical fiber signal enters or leaves an optical device component (such as an fiber optic connector), the discontinuity and impedance mismatch will cause reflection or echo. The power loss of the reflected or returned signal is the return loss which refers RL. Insertion loss is mainly to measure the resulting signal value when the optical link encounters loss, and return loss is to measure the loss of the reflected signal when the optical link encounters component access.
Calculation formula: RL = -10 lg (P0/P1), P0 represents the reflected optical power, and P1 represents the input optical power.
The return loss value is expressed in dB, usually a negative value, so the larger the return loss value, the better. The typical specification range is -15 to -60 dB. According to industry standards, the return loss of Ultra PC polished fiber optic connectors should be greater than 50dB, and the return loss of bevel polishing is usually greater than 60dB. The PC type should be greater than 40dB. For multimode fiber, the typical RL value is between 20 and 40 dB.
What are the influencing factors? 1. Fiber connector Endface quality and cleanliness End-face defects such as scratches, pits, cracks and particle contamination will directly affect the connector performance, resulting in poor IL/RL. Even tiny dust particles on a 5 micron single-mode fiber core may eventually block the optical signal, resulting in signal loss.
2. Fiber breakage and poor connection
Sometimes, light still can be guided through fiber even the fiber has been broken, In this case, it will also cause bad IL or RL. Connecting the APC to the PC fiber opitic connector can cause high IL and low RL, fiber end faces are unable to be precisely butted, which prevents the light from passing normally.
3. Exceed Bending radius
Optical fibers can be bent, but too much bending will also cause a significant increase in optical loss and damage. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the radius as large as possible when coil the fiber. The general recommendation is not to exceed 10 times the diameter of the jacket. For a jumper with a jacket of 2 mm, the maximum bending radius is 20 mm.

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How to Configure OTN Network Equipment

webmaster — Fri, 09 Oct 2020 01:40:53 +0000

The OTN network platform is designed to support high-capacity optical link solutions based on CWDM and DWDM, and is dedicated to saving cabinet space. The OTN network solution is associated with a comprehensive product list to match the future fiber and network requirements of each independent network. OTN network-based equipment includes WDM coarse wavelength division multiplexer & demultiplexer, OADM coarse wave optical add-drop multiplexer, EDFA erbium-doped power fiber amplifier, OEO optical amplification repeater/converter, OLP optical line protection switch Etc. for various network environments.

Customize the network solution
We can provide users with OTN network systems that integrate integration and flexibility. If customize the OTN network solution can be customized, before that, there are questions to be checked out to meet the current requirement and have the solution for future upgrade

Question 1: How many spans the network have and how far are each span?
The type and number of basic equipment required in network transmission should be determined according to the specific transmission distance, and the transmission distance between each span determines whether DCM (fiber dispersion compensator) is required to compensate the fiber optic link.

Question 2: What is fiber type and link loss (standard value is 0.25dB/KM)?
The OTN network solution can be designed for dual fiber or single fiber. At the same time, the most suitable optical module and active component (such as EDFA erbium-doped power fiber amplifier) can be configured according to the link loss.

Question 3: How many companies to be connected ? What is the data rate between each span?
By understanding the number of enterprises to be deployed, Future network upgrades way can be paved. While clarifying the data rate and capacity between each span in the network, The most practical WDM coarse wavelength division multiplexer & demultiplexer or OADM coarse wave optical add-drop multiplexer for the OTN network infrastructure can be chosen

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CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Metropolitan Area Networks

webmaster — Sun, 04 Oct 2020 09:34:26 +0000

With the rapid development of industry informatization, the demand for long-distance and large-capacity bandwidth has increased rapidly, resulting in rapid growth in traffic at the access layer, metropolitan layer, and backbone network. However, relying on bandwidth leasing and direct fiber connection can no longer meet the customer requirement
WDM is an ideal technology for such status of optical transport network and advantages . If the DWDM technical architecture and system design of backbone are used in metropolitan area networks, the advantage of DWDM in long-distance expansion cannot be exerted; in addition, the demand for the number of channels of metro expansion is relatively small compared to the backbone system. Moreover, the distance is short without optical amplification requirement, which make CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing technical solution particularly suitable for the metropolitan optical transmission network.
The problems of the current metropolitan optical transmission network :
1.In the metropolitan area network, the optical fiber resources are relatively lack, and there is an urgent need to increase the utilization rate of the existing optical fiber resources;
2.Metropolitan area network has dense business points and is very sensitive to cost;
3.The metropolitan area network interface is complex and there are many types of services;
4.The network topology changes frequently.

For these problems, CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing system has the following advantages
1. Price advantage: CWDM effectively reduces the technical requirements for devices, simplifies the design, and reduces costs;
2. High system reliability: no need to use EDFA, no need to use temperature control technology to stabilize the wavelength, and there is no temperature controlled AWG device, which greatly enhances the reliability of the system;
3. Flexible system design: Due to the optical transmission technology below 2.5G, under the condition that the distance is less than 100 kilometers, it is only limited by the attenuation of the optical fiber, and the configuration of the repeater is quite flexible;
4. Simple installation and maintenance: The small size, light weight and low power consumption of the equipment make it very easy to install and maintain.
5. Multi-service, multi-protocol, and multi-service particle support: Flexible support for various service interfaces, from 100M to 2.5G, with convenient network management networking mode, providing comprehensive alarm and performance detection.
to sum up CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing System is favored by operators for the Metropolitan network because of its low cost, convenient use and many other advantages.

The post CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Metropolitan Area Networks appeared first on Fiber Zip Technology.